A new technical paper titled “Effects of Proton Radiation on Tin Oxide: Implications for Space Electronics” was published by ...

A crystal is a solid with a periodic atomic structure and a deviation from the periodicity of the crystal lattice is called a defect. Crystalline defects include point defects (e.g. colour centres) ...

Topological defects are quasiparticles whose topological nature provides some stability against perturbations. Skyrmions, domain walls, dislocations in crystals, vortices in superconductors and ...

Caroline Banton has 6+ years of experience as a writer of business and finance articles. She also writes biographies for Story Terrace. David Kindness is a Certified Public Accountant (CPA) and an ...

Investopedia contributors come from a range of backgrounds, and over 25 years there have been thousands of expert writers and editors who have contributed. Thomas J Catalano is a CFP and Registered ...