Bitcoin, the pioneering cryptocurrency that has captured global attention, conceals a multifaceted framework called the Bitcoin Protocol Stack beneath its digital facade. In this enlightening article, ...

The definitive new history of computing from scholar and technologist authors reveals how decades of innovation built the digital foundations driving today’s economy, from wartime codebreaking to the ...

Most protocols use layered architectures to some degree, layers that you can manipulate to achieve your optimal design. Optimizing the placement of these layers, you can achieve efficient code ...

Saurav Bhattacharya is a cybersecurity engineer and the founder of The New World Foundation – exploring digital identity, AI and privacy. Cyber defense is at a breaking point. Attacks are increasing ...

Layer 2 of the OSI model is where we find the Data Link Layer, which provides the mechanism by which data is transferred from node to node across a network. What makes this layer important is that it ...