“This is not an easy subject to talk about. There are so many protocols, and terms have evolved—even the way the word ‘Ethernet’ has been used,” states John Ditter, input/output product specialist ...

I often take the internet for granted. Over the years it's taken many forms but the underlying technology has mostly remained the same. However, even the very foundation of the internet as we know it ...

Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) is the basic communication protocol of the Internet as well as many private networks throughout the world. Along with User Data Protocol (UDP), TCP represents the ...

Ethernet is a layer 2 data link protocol that is widely used with the TCP/IP protocol, which resides at layers 3 and 4. To understand network communications, it is essential to learn about the ...

When working with TCP/IP, the model is simplified to four layers plus the physical layer as shown in Figure 2-4. This figure depicts the encapsulation process with protocol overhead down to Ethernet, ...

Getting started on designing a network is a task of formidable proportions, but all the more so if you are looking to build a secure IT network. Often, IT system administrators are not fully familiar ...

In the world of Linux networking, protocols play a crucial role in enabling seamless communication between devices. Whether you're browsing the internet, streaming videos, or troubleshooting network ...

What is a network protocol? Most textbook writers state something like this: A network protocol is a set of guidelines or standards for the operation of network devices, the methods of operation, and ...

The online economy, particularly e-business, entertainment, and collaboration, continues to dramatically and rapidly increase the amount of Internet traffic to and from enterprise servers. Most of ...

First, and foremost, the OSI stack is just a theoretical reference model. There is no actual OSI software. It has been around since about 1980, and it is based upon recommendations from the ITU-T and ...