Active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) are typically produced through crystallization. In this process, an organic molecule can take on multiple crystalline forms. Solid-state characteristics, ...

Definition:Raman Spectroscopy is a sophisticated analytical technique used to observe vibrational, rotational, and other low-frequency modes in a system. This material characterization technique ...

Since its discovery in 2004, graphene has become a highly prized material in electronics applications owing to its unusual electronic structure. 1 Although graphene is only composed of carbon atoms, ...

Raman spectroscopy is increasingly used for polymer characterization because it is non-destructive, requires no sample preparation, and produces data in seconds. It is also simple for the user; even ...

During light scattering, the majority of scattered light undergoes no change in frequency (or energy), in a process referred to as referred to as elastic or Rayleigh scattering. Raman spectroscopy ...

The European Pharmacopoeia, otherwise called Ph. Eur., is a single reference work dedicated to the quality control of medicines. Ph. Eur. includes norms, recommends analytical methods and lists ...