In process automation, an alarm is defined as an audible and/or visible means of indicating to the operator an equipment malfunction, process deviation, or abnormal condition requiring an operator ...

Part of the mix of truly excellent companies is the attention paid to their people as an important class of company assets. ARC has recommended that manufacturers look for ways to turn their people ...

Elements of operator performance are complicated, so look to standards and best practices to guide improvements. Operator Performance (OP) is a large topic and can be a very difficult subject to ...

In this article, as in industry, advanced process control (APC) refers primarily to multi-variable control. Multivariable control means adjusting multiple single-loop controllers in unison, to meet ...

Operates and monitors refinery process units (e.g., crude/vacuum, hydrotreating, reforming, FCC, alkylation, isomerization, utilities, tank farm) to meet production ...

1.1 Typical schedules (e.g., rotating 12-hour shifts) add 10%–30% overtime plus shift differentials ($1.50–$3.00/hr). 1.2 Rough annualization: \( \text{Annual Base} = \text{Hourly} \times 2{,}080 \).