Payments ecosystems are often categorized as either closed-loop or open-loop systems, each with distinct advantages and limitations. Closed-loop systems, such as single-provider mobile wallets like ...

People with type 1 diabetes require continuous insulin treatment and must regularly measure their glucose levels. With open-loop therapies, insulin administration is manually controlled, while hybrid ...

SAN DIEGO — The next advance in spinal cord stimulation (SCS) could be a closed-loop system that uses evoked compound action potentials (ECAPs) to maintain therapeutic activation, results of the phase ...

An open-loop cooling system, also called raw water cooling, draws water directly from the body of water the boat is floating in, whether it's saltwater or freshwater. That water is pulled through a ...

Figure 1. A closed-circuit cooler. Photos courtesy of Evapco. It’s a common question during the early design phase of large mechanical systems: Is open- or closed-loop cooling equipment better suited ...

TfL combines open and closed loop systems, using Oyster Cards, contactless card payments, and NFC Google or Apple pay, alongside physical ticketing. Transport for London (TfL) has long been regarded ...

MARTHA’S VINEYARD, MA — This geothermal rescue was for a closed loop geothermal system that was seriously overheating during the cooling season. This system had ten vertical loops that served 11 heat ...

An agency’s user base will not adopt any technology, no matter how appealing, if it falls short on practicality or ...