In Part 1, we introduced the phased array concept, beam steering and array gain. In Part 2, we presented the concept of grating lobes and beam squint. In this section, we begin with a discussion of ...

An NPA, resembling its radiofrequency counterpart, consists of several typically identical optical antennas. Each antenna emits light of a specific amplitude and phase to form a desired far-field ...

We are witnessing an historic moment for radio frequency (RF) electronics in phased array applications. Rapid advancements inthe wireless industry have proliferated the integration and miniaturisation ...