Introduction to ciphers and substitution. Alice and Bob and Carl and Julius: terminology and Caesar Cipher ; The key to the matter: generalizing the Caesar Cipher ; Multiplicative ciphers ; Affine ...

Cryptography is nearly as old as human language. Many civilizations felt the need to conceal their messages using more or less sophisticated encryption methods, as demonstrated by some documentary ...

Introduction If you need to send a secret message to a friend, how could you prevent other people from reading it? One way is to encrypt the message—that is, use a secret code that only you and your ...

Introduction The Shorter Oxford English Dictionary lists the 5th meaning of the word cipher as, “A secret manner of writing by any of various methods, intelligible only to those possessing the key ...

We discuss cryptography's history and use in modern day computing When you purchase through links on our site, we may earn an affiliate commission. Here’s how it works. Whether for secure ...

You probably use encryption, in one form or another, every day. You might not know that you are, but you are. And my guess is that you don’t give it a second thought. Do you have a subscription based ...